Indira Gandhi International Airport
| Indira Gandhi International Airport इन्दिरा गाँधी अंतर्राष्ट्रीय हवाई अड्डा |
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| IATA: DEL – ICAO: VIDP | |||
| Summary | |||
| Airport type | Public | ||
| Owner | Airports Authority of India | ||
| Operator | Delhi International Airport Private Limited (DIAL) | ||
| Serves | Delhi | ||
| Location | Delhi, India | ||
| Hub for |
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| Elevation AMSL | 777 ft / 237 m | ||
| Website | |||
| Runways | |||
| Direction | Length | Surface | |
| m | ft | ||
| 10/28 | 3,810 | 12,500 | Asphalt |
| 09/27 | 2,813 | 9,229 | Asphalt |
| 11/29 | 4,430 | 14,534 | Asphalt |
| Statistics (2009) | |||
| Passengers | 25,670,000 [1] | ||
| Aircraft Movements | 230,000[2] | ||
Indira Gandhi International Airport (Hindi: इन्दिरा गाँधी अंतर्राष्ट्रीय हवाई अड्डा) (IATA: DEL, ICAO: VIDP) is the primary airport of the National Capital Region, located in Delhi,[3] India. Named after Indira Gandhi, the former Prime Minister of India, it is the busiest airport in India in terms of daily flight traffic and second busiest in term of passenger traffic in India after Mumbai's Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport.[4] With the commencement of operations at the new Terminal 3, Delhi's Indira Gandhi International Airport has become India's and South Asia's largest and most important aviation hub, with a current capacity of handling more than 46 million passengers and aimed at handling more than 100 million passengers by 2030. It along with Mumbai's Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport, handles more than half of the air traffic in South Asia.[5][6][7] The airport serves as the primary civilian aviation hub for the National Capital Region of India. The airport was previously operated by the Indian Air Force until its management was transferred to the Airport Authority of India.[8] In May 2006, the management of the airport was passed over to Delhi International Airport Limited (DIAL), a joint venture led by the GMR Group, which also has the responsibility for the airport's ongoing expansion and modernisation.[9]
In 2007, the airport handled 23 million passengers annually and the planned expansion program will increase its capacity to handle 100 million passengers by 2030.[10] The new Terminal 3 building has the capacity to handle an additional 34 million passengers annually by the start of the 2010 Commonwealth Games.[11] Indira Gandhi's Terminal 3 is the world's eighth largest passenger terminal.[12] In September 2008, the airport inaugurated a 4.43 kilometre-long runway. Indira Gandhi International Airport (IGIA) was conferred the fourth best airport award in the world (in the 15-25 million category) and 'Best Improved Airport' in the Asia Pacific Region by Airport Council International.[13]
Contents |
History
The airport, earlier known as Palam Airport, was built around the second world war and served as an Air Force Station for the Indian Air Force. Passenger operations were later shifted to the airport from Safdarjung Airport in 1962 due to an increase in traffic. Palam Airport had a peak capacity of around 1300 passengers per hour.[14]
Owing to an increase in air traffic in the 70s, an additional terminal with nearly four times the area of the old Palam terminal was constructed. With the inauguration of a new international terminal (Terminal 2), on 2 May 1986, the airport was renamed as Indira Gandhi International (IGI) Airport.
Public Private Partnership
On 31 Jan 2006, the aviation minister Praful Patel announced that the empowered Group of Ministers have agreed to hand over the management of Delhi Airport to the DIAL consortium and the Mumbai airport to the GVK-led consortium.[15]
On May 2, 2006, the management of Delhi and Mumbai airports were handed over to the private consortia.[16]
Delhi International Airport Limited (DIAL) is a consortium of the GMR Group (50.1%), Fraport AG (10%) and Malaysia Airports (10%),[17] India Development Fund (3.9%)[17] and the Airports Authority of India retains a 26% stake.[18]
Statistics
The old Palam terminal is now known as Terminal 1 and handles all domestic flights. The terminal is divided into three separate terminals - 1A (for domestic flights of state owned Air India, MDLR and Go Air), 1B (was used by other domestic airlines, now closed and demolished), the Domestic Arrival Terminal (1C) and the newly-constructed 1D (now used by all remaining domestic airlines). There is also a separate Technical Area for VVIP passengers. Additionally there is a separate terminal for Hajj flights.
Owing to the booming Indian Aviation industry and the entry of numerous low-cost private carriers, the airport saw a huge jump in passenger traffic and has failed to cope with the demand. The capacity of Terminal 1 is estimated to be 7.15 million passengers per annum (mppa). However, the actual throughput for 2005/06 was an estimated 10.4 million passengers. Including the international terminal (Terminal 2), the airport has a total capacity of 12.5 million passengers per year, whereas the total passenger traffic in 2006/07 was 16.5 million passengers per year[20] In 2008, total passenger count at the airport reached 23.97 million.
Delhi Airport has two parallel runways and a non-parallel runway: Runway 11/29 (14,534 ft (4430m)) with CAT IIIB ILS on both sides and the main runway 10/28 (12,500 ft (3,810 m)) as well as an auxiliary runway 09/27 (9,229 ft (2,813 m)). Runway 10/28 and Runway 11/29 are the only two in South Asia to have been equipped with the CAT III-B instrument landing system. In the winter of 2005 there were a record number of disruptions at Delhi airport due to fog/smog. Since then some domestic airlines have trained their pilots to operate under CAT-II conditions of a minimum 350 m (1,150 ft) visibility. On 31 March 2006, IGI became the first Indian airport to operate two runways simultaneously following a test run involving a SpiceJet plane landing and a Jet Airways plane taking off at the same time.
In September 2008, the airport inaugurated a 4.43 kilometre long runway, making it one of the longest operational runways in Asia. The runway will increase the airport's capacity to handle 70 flights from the present 34-40 flights per hour.[21] As of September 2008, the new runway was undergoing trials.[22]
Terminals
IGI Airport is the home of several Indian airlines including Air India, Air India Regional, Indian Airlines, IndiGo, JetLite, SpiceJet. Jet Airways, Kingfisher Airlines, GoAir use IGI Airport as their secondary hub. Approximately 60 airlines serve this airport. There are Six operational terminals making up this airport, they are the following:
Terminal 1 - Domestic
- Terminal 1A
Terminal 1A caters to all domestic flights operated by GoAir, MDLR Airlines, Indian Airlines and Air India Regional. This terminal was built in the early 90's to cater to Indian Airlines domestic flights only. It had to be refurbished after a fire gutted the interiors. DIAL, the owner of the airport, has significantly upgraded this terminal. It now sports a new look with modern washrooms and facilities, however will be torn down on the completion of newer terminals which are expected to finish construction in the coming years.
- Terminal 1B
Terminal 1B has been closed for operations after the opening up of Terminal 1D which opened in April 2009.
- Terminal 1C
The terminal in which all domestic operations (airlines from terminals 1A and 1D) arrive. The terminal is compact, however has received a new greeting area with expanded space, and a bigger luggage reclaim area.
- Terminal 1D
Terminal 1D is the brand new interim domestic terminal, that was inaugurated on 26 February 2009. All domestic flights were moved to this new building from the second week of April, 2009. It is almost double the size of the current Terminal 1B. Once the new Terminal 3 is constructed in 2010, this terminal will be made solely to cater to the low cost carriers as the full fare airlines will also move to Terminal 3, along with the international flights. Terminal 1D has the capacity to handle 10 million passengers per year.
Terminal 1D commenced operations on 15 April 2009. It is currently is used by IndiGo, Jet Airways, JetLite, Kingfisher Airlines and SpiceJet.
Terminal 2 - International
This terminal handles all international operations at the airport. However, constructed in the 80's, it is also in desperate need of repair, and it is half its size to cater to all its passengers . This sign of distress has already been taken care of. The entire terminal has been upgraded. It has been repainted,glass windows have replaced the old dark ones, floors have been refitted with tiles, walls and ceilings now have new surfaces, more immigration and emigration counters have been implemented, new seats have been brought in, new baggage belts, more business lounges, eateries, and duty free shops have also been added. Once all airlines move to the new Terminal 3 upon its completion in 2010 Terminal 2 will work in tandem with T3, until the proposed T4 terminal is built, upon which it will be demolished as per the proposed master plan.[23]
Terminal 3
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Terminal 3 promotional video |
Terminal 3, a state-of-the-art and integrated terminal, is the world’s eighth largest passenger terminal. It occupies 502,000 m² (5.4 million sq ft), with a capacity to handle 34 million passengers annually.[11]
Designed by HOK working in consultation with Mott MacDonald,[24] the new Terminal 3 is a two-tier building, with the bottom floor being the arrivals area, and the top being a departures area. This terminal has 168 check-in counters, 78 aerobridges at 48 contact stands, 30 parking bays, 72 immigration counters, 15 X-ray screening areas, for less waiting times, duty-free shops, and other features.[25][26] Over 90% of passengers will use this terminal when completed. This new terminal has been completed in time for the 2010 Commonwealth Games, which are to be held in Delhi, and will be connected to Delhi by an eight-lane motorway (National Highway 8), and the Delhi Mass Rapid Transit System. The terminal was officially inaugurated on July 3, 2010, and there were nine flights to test the operational readiness of the new terminal and its ground handling capabilities. All International Airlines shifted their operations to the new terminal in late July, and all full service domestic carriers will move in mid september.
T3 has India's first automated parking management & guidance system in a multi level car park, which comprises 7 levels and a capacity of 4300 cars. The system is designed in such a way that a person wishing to park can find space within 5 minutes with the help of an electronic dynamic signage.The Parking System is designed & installed by M/s FAAC India Pvt. Ltd under guidance of Mr. Deepal kapoor MD and Mr. Ashfak Alam Product Manager in record time.
Terminal 3 will form the first phase of the airport expansion in which a 'U' shaped building will be developed in a modular manner. In 2010, all international and full service domestic carriers will operate from Terminal 3, while Terminal 1 will be dedicated to low cost operations. In subsequent stages, the low cost carriers will also move to the new terminal complex.
Terminal 4 and 5
Terminal 4 and 5 will be built at a later stage, which will be triggered by growth in traffic, and once completed, all international flights will move to these two new terminals, while Terminal 3 will then solely be used for handling domestic air traffic. A new cargo handling building is also planned. According to Delhi International Airport Limited (DIAL), these new terminals will increase the airport's annual passenger volume capacity to 100 million.[26]
Hajj Terminal
Upon the annual Muslim pilgrimage of Hajj, all airlines bound for the Middle East move to this separate terminal to prevent disruption of other passengers who are traveling to other areas of the globe. A separate area has been made for Hajj to cater to the abundance of additional travelers during this season, and to accommodate them with enough provided space. It has a 10 million passengers per year capacity. It is used from October to December. Plans are underway to use the building for the remaining 10 months of the year also.
Cargo Terminal
The Cargo Terminal handles all cargo operations. The airport received an award in 2007 for its excellent and organized cargo handling system.
Airlines and destinations
| Airlines | Destinations | Terminal |
|---|---|---|
| Aeroflot | Moscow-Sheremetyevo | 3 |
| Aerosvit Airlines | Kiev-Boryspil | 3 |
| Air Arabia | Sharjah | 3 |
| Air Astana | Almaty | 3 |
| Air China | Beijing-Capital | 2 |
| Air France | Paris-Charles de Gaulle | 3 |
| Air India | Chicago-O'Hare [resumes 31 October], Dammam, Frankfurt, Hong Kong, Jeddah, London-Heathrow, Melbourne [Begins 1 November], Mumbai, New York-JFK, Osaka-Kansai, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Riyadh, Seoul-Incheon, Shanghai-Pudong, Tokyo-Narita, Toronto-Pearson | 3 |
| Air India operated by Indian Airlines | Ahmedabad [begins 31 October], Abu Dhabi, Amritsar, Bangalore [begins 31 October], Chennai [begins 31 October], Dubai, Hyderabad [begins 31 October], Kolkata, Mumbai, Singapore | 3 |
| Air-India Express | Abu Dhabi, Amritsar, Bahrain, Doha, Mumbai, Muscat | 3 |
| Air India Regional | Ahmedabad, Allahabad, Baroda, Calicut, Chennai, Gwalior, Jabalpur, Jaipur, Kanpur, Ludhiana, Kulu, Mangalore, Pathankot, Surat, Udaipur, Vizag | 1 |
| Air Mauritius | Mauritius | 3 |
| AirAsia X | Kuala Lumpur | 3 |
| American Airlines | Chicago-O'Hare | 3 |
| Ariana Afghan Airlines | Kabul | 3 |
| Armavia | Yerevan | 3 |
| Asiana Airlines | Seoul-Incheon | 3 |
| Austrian Airlines | Vienna | 2 |
| Biman Bangladesh Airlines | Dacca | 3 |
| British Airways | London-Heathrow | 3 |
| Cathay Pacific Airways | Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Hong Kong | 3 |
| China Airlines | Rome-Fiumicino, Taipei-Taoyuan | 3 |
| China Eastern Airlines | Beijing-Capital, Shanghai-Pudong | 3 |
| China Southern Airlines | Guangzhou | 3 |
| Continental Airlines | Newark | 3 |
| Druk Air | Kathmandu, Paro | 3 |
| Emirates | Dubai | 3 |
| Ethiopian Airlines | Addis Ababa, Beijing-Capital | 3 |
| Etihad Airways | Abu Dhabi | 3 |
| Finnair | Helsinki | 3 |
| GMG Airlines | Dhaka, Dubai | 3 |
| GoAir | Bagdogra, Bangalore, Cochin, Gauhati, Goa, Indore, Jammu, Mumbai, Nanded, Pune, Srinagar | 1 |
| Gulf Air | Bahrain | 3 |
| Indian Airlines | Amritsar, Aurangabad, Bagdogra, Bangalore, Benares, Bhopal, Bhubaneswar, Calicut, Chandigarh, Chennai, Cochin, Coimbatore, Gauhati, Goa, Hyderabad, Imphal, Indore, Jaipur, Jammu, Jodhpur, Khajuraho, Kolkata, Leh, Lucknow, Mumbai, Nagpur, Patna, Pune, Raipur, Ranchi, Srinagar, Tirupati, Trivandrum, Udaipur | 3 |
| Indian Airlines | Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Dubai, Kabul, Kathmandu, Muscat | 3 |
| IndiGo | Agartala, Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Baroda, Bhubaneswar, Chennai, Cochin, Dibrugarh, Gauhati, Goa, Hyderabad, Imphal, Jammu, Kolkata, Lucknow, Mumbai, Nagpur, Patna, Pune, Srinagar | 3 |
| Jagson Airlines | Chandigarh, Dharamsala, Kulu, Pantnagar, Simla | 3 |
| Japan Airlines | Tokyo-Narita | 3 |
| Jet Airways | Ahmedabad, Amritsar, Bagdogra, Bangalore, Baroda, Benares, Bhopal, Chennai, Cochin, Chandigarh, Dehradun, Gauhati, Hyderabad, Indore, Jaipur, Jodhpur, Khajuraho, Leh, Mumbai, Nagpur, Patna, Pune, Raipur, Srinagar, Trivandrum, Udaipur | 3 |
| Jet Airways | Abu Dhabi, Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Brussels, Dacca, Doha, Dubai, Hong Kong, Kathmandu, London-Heathrow, Singapore, Toronto-Pearson | 3 |
| JetLite | Ahmedabad, Aurangabad, Bangalore, Bhubaneswar, Chennai, Cochin, Coimbatore, Dibrugarh, Gauhati, Goa, Gorakhpur, Hyderabad, Jammu, Kolkata, Lucknow, Mumbai, Pune, Port Blair, Srinagar, Vizag | 3 |
| JetLite | Kathmandu | 3 |
| Kam Air | Kabul | 3 |
| Kingfisher Airlines | Agra, Ahmedabad, Amritsar, Bagdogra, Bangalore, Benares, Bhubaneswar, Chandigarh, Chennai, Cochin, Dehradun, Dharamsala, Gauhati, Goa, Hyderabad, Imphal, Indore, Jabalpur, Jaipur, Jammu, Jodhpur, Khajuraho, Kolkata, Kulu, Leh, Lucknow, Ludhiana, Mumbai, Pathankot, Patna, Pune, Raipur, Ranchi, Simla, Srinagar, Trivandrum, Udaipur | 3 |
| Kingfisher Airlines | Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Dubai, Hong Kong, Kathmandu, London-Heathrow | 3 |
| KLM | Amsterdam | 3 |
| Kuwait Airways | Kuwait | 3 |
| Kyrgyzstan Airlines | Bishkek | 3 |
| Lufthansa | Frankfurt, Munich | 3 |
| Mahan Air | Tehran-Imam Khomeini | 3 |
| Malaysia Airlines | Kuala Lumpur | 3 |
| Nas Air | Riyadh | 3 |
| Nepal Airlines | Kathmandu | 3 |
| Oman Air | Muscat | 3 |
| Pakistan International Airlines | Karachi, Lahore | 2 |
| Pamir Airways | Kabul | 3 |
| Qatar Airways | Doha | 3 |
| Royal Jordanian | Amman | 3 |
| Safi Airways | Kabul | 3 |
| Saudi Arabian Airlines | Dammam, Jeddah, Riyadh | 3 |
| Singapore Airlines | Singapore | 3 |
| SpiceJet | Ahmedabad, Bagdogra, Bangalore, Benares, Chennai, Cochin, Coimbatore, Gauhati, Goa, Hyderabad, Jammu, Kolkata, Mumbai, Pune, Srinagar, Vizag | 1 |
| Sri Lankan Airlines | Colombo | 3 |
| Swiss International Airlines | Zürich | 3 |
| Thai Airways International | Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi | 3 |
| Turkish Airlines | Istanbul-Atatürk | 3 |
| Turkmenistan Airlines | Ashgabat | 3 |
| Uzbekistan Airways | Tashkent | 3 |
| Virgin Atlantic Airways | London-Heathrow | 3 |
Cargo services
| Airlines | Destinations |
|---|---|
| Air India Cargo | Mumbai |
| Aerologic | Leipzig/Halle |
| Atlant-Soyuz Airlines | Chartered destinations |
| British Airways World Cargo | London |
| Blue Dart Aviation | Chennai, Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Patna, Guwhatai, Bangalore |
| Cathay Pacific | Hong Kong |
| China Airlines Cargo | Luxembourg, Manchester, Taipei-Taoyuan |
| Deccan 360 | Dubai, Hong Kong |
| DHL Express | Worldwide |
| Emirates SkyCargo | Dubai |
| EVA Air Cargo | Taipei-Taoyuan, Vienna[27] |
| FedEx Express | Anchorage, Bangkok, Dubai, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Memphis, New York, Shanghai-Pudong, Toronto |
| Lufthansa Cargo | Frankfurt, Munich, Leipzig/Halle, Hong Kong, Guangzhou, Shanghai-Pudong |
| Singapore Airlines Cargo | Singapore |
Ground transportation
The airport is connected to Delhi by the Delhi Airport Metro Express train line and the 8-lane Delhi Gurgaon Expressway. Low floor buses regularly run between the airport and the city. DTC operates several buses to the airport.
Prepaid taxis are also available from the terminal to all areas of Delhi.
Fixed base operators (FBO)
Caterers
- Ambassador's SkyChef
- Chef Air
- Taj-Sats
- Oberoi Flight Services
- Sky Gourmet Catering Pvt Ltd
- club one air
Fuelers
- Bharat Petroleum
- Hindustan Petroleum
- Indian Oil Corporation
Ground handlers
- NACIL
- Cambata Aviation
- Livewel Aviation Services Pvt Ltd.
- Concord Aviation Pvt Ltd.
- Bird Worldwide Flight Services
Incidents and accidents
Major incidents
- On 25 January 1970, a Royal Nepal Airlines Fokker F27-200 (9N-AAR) after a flight from Kathmandu, Nepal was caught in severe thunderstorms with turbulence and downdrafts on final approach to Palam Airport. The pilot could not control the aircraft and crashed short of the runway. Of the five crew and 18 passengers, one crew member was killed.[28]
- 14 June 1974, Japan Airlines Flight 471 crashed outside of Palam Airport, killing 82 of 87 occupants; ten of eleven crew members and 72 of 76 passengers died, as did three people on the ground.[29]
- On 7 May 1990, an Air India Boeing 747 flying on the London-Delhi-Mumbai route and carrying 215 people (195 passengers and 20 crew) touched down at Indira Gandhi International Airport after a flight from London's Heathrow Airport. On application of reverse thrust, a failure of the no. 1 engine pylon to wing attachment caused this engine to tilt nose down. Hot exhaustion gasses caused a fire on the left wing. There were no fatalities but the aircraft was damaged beyond repair and written off.[30]
- On 12 November 1996, the airport was involved in the Charkhi Dadri mid-air collision when a Saudi Arabian Airlines Boeing 747-100B, climbing out after takeoff, collided with an incoming Air Kazakhstan Ilyushin Il-76 chartered by a fashion company, causing the deaths of all 349 people aboard the two planes.[31]
Technical problems
On Friday, July 23rd 2010, the instrument landing system (ILS) of runway 29 developed a technical snag resulting in no flights being able to land between 08:40am and 9:05am.[32]
References
- ↑ Passengers data
- ↑ "Airport Fact Sheet". Newdelhiairport.in. 2010-08-02. http://www.newdelhiairport.in/fact-sheet.aspx. Retrieved 2010-08-24.
- ↑ Delhi Master Plan 2021
- ↑ Delhi Airport busier than Mumbai by 40 flights a day
- ↑ Saurabh Sinha, TNN, Jul 10, 2008, 03.54am IST (2008-07-10). "Delhi beats Mumbai to become busiest airport". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Delhi_is_countrys_busiest_airport/articleshow/3216435.cms. Retrieved 2010-08-24.
- ↑ "Delhi's IGIA edges ahead of Mumbai's CSIA as country's busiest airport". Domain-b.com. 2008-09-01. http://www.domain-b.com/aero/airports/20080901_csia.html. Retrieved 2010-08-24.
- ↑ Travel Biz Monitor: Mumbai airport gets ready for new innings
- ↑ Why they should stay with the Air Force
- ↑ Mumbai, Delhi airport management to be handed over to pvt cos
- ↑ Sky's the limit for India flight boom
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 "PM inaugurates new international airport terminal". Newdelhiairport.in. 2010-08-02. http://www.newdelhiairport.in/pm-inaugurates-new-international-airport-terminal.aspx. Retrieved 2010-08-24.
- ↑ India begins $1.94b Delhi airport revamp
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ IGIA Customs-about IGI Airport
- ↑ "Delhi, Mumbai airport modernisation Efforts to ensure a smoother journey". The Hindu Business Line. http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/bline/2007/02/12/stories/2007021200580600.htm. Retrieved 2010-07-16.
- ↑ "Mumbai, Delhi airport management to be handed over to pvt cos". news.outlookindia.com. http://news.outlookindia.com/item.aspx?381981. Retrieved 2010-07-16.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 "Malaysia Airports Holdings Berhad". Malaysiaairports.com.my. 2006-04-04. http://www.malaysiaairports.com.my/index.php?ch=38&pg=204&ac=1182. Retrieved 2010-07-16.
- ↑ Sandeep Sharma (2010-03-31). "Equipment India - India's first infrastructure equipment magazine". Constructionupdate.com. http://www.constructionupdate.com/products/equipmentindia/june2008/009.html. Retrieved 2010-07-16.
- ↑ "Carrier India wins Delhi Airport's Terminal 3 project". Business-standard.com. 2009-06-04. http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/carrier-india-wins-delhi-airports-terminal-3-project/63722/on. Retrieved 2010-05-24.
- ↑ IGI Airport tops world in growth
- ↑ New Delhi airport aims to open Asia's longest runway soon
- ↑ Flight of Delhi’s 3rd runway curtailed
- ↑ Master Plan Development
- ↑ "IGI Airport in India to unveil world’s third largest terminal". World Interior Design Network. http://www.worldinteriordesignnetwork.com/news/igi_airport_in_india_to_unveil_worlds_third_largest_terminal_100330/. Retrieved 2010-07-16.
- ↑ Delhi International Airport (P) Limited - GMR
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 DIAL to invest Rs 30,000 cr, build 4 new terminals in Delhi
- ↑ [2]
- ↑ Aviation Safety Network retrieved 28 May 2008
- ↑ 14 JUN 1972 Douglas DC-8-53 Japan Air Lines - JAL Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 23 March 2009
- ↑ Aviation Safety
- ↑ Burns, John F. (May 5, 1997). "One Jet in Crash Over India Ruled Off Course". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/05/world/one-jet-in-crash-over-india-ruled-off-course.html. Retrieved 2010-05-24.
- ↑ ILS failure on runway 29 causes flight delays at IGI, The Times Of India, New Delhi, Issue of Saturday July 24th 2010
External links
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Air Force Historical Research Agency.
- Indira Gandhi International Airport, official website
- Indira Gandhi International Airport at the Airports Authority of India
- GMR Delhi International Airport Limited (DIAL)
- GMR Group
- Delhi Airport development
- Airport information for VIDP at World Aero Data. Data current as of October 2006.Source: DAFIF.
- Airport information for VIDP at Great Circle Mapper. Source: DAFIF (effective Oct. 2006).
- Accident history for DEL at Aviation Safety Network
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